Oxytocin yog ib qho neuropeptide tsim los ntawm cuaj amino acids. Synthesized nyob rau hauv paraventricular nucleus (PVN) thiab supraoptic nucleus hypothalamus, nws yog khaws cia rau hauv lub tom qab pituitary qog. Ua ntej pom thiab artificially synthesized nyob rau hauv 1906, nws ib txwm lees paub tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb physiological hormone revolves nyob ib ncig ntawm pib thiab txhawb kev ua haujlwm; rhythmic uterine smooth nqaij contractions yog thawj mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim.
Postpartum mammary caj pas myoepithelial cell contraction (pab txhawb kev tsim khoom thiab tom qab ejection ntawm cov mis nyuj) yog lwm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tau sau tseg zoo. Inhibiting sympathetic nervous kev ua ub no, txo cov ntshav siab thiab cortisol concentrations, kho qhov txhab thiab tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv cov lus teb yog ntxiv physiological contributions oxytocin ua.
Thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub xyoo pua neuroscience thawb lub ntsiab lus ntawm oxytocin ntxiv; social neuropeptide tau tshwm sim raws li cov lus piav qhia tseeb dua. Cov qauv tsiaj tau muab pov thawj ntau heev tias oxytocin receptor gene qhia ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev coj cwj pwm. Social thiab neuroregulatory theem ntawm kev ua tam sim no ob qho tib si pom raws li ib feem ntawm qhov oxytocin 'ua'.
Txhim khu kev paub txog kev sib raug zoo, kev ntseeg siab, ntau hom kev pom siab thiab kev sib raug zoo sib raug zoo tau txhawb nqa los ntawm nws. Kev tswj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev xav tshwj xeeb, los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, pom oxytocin ua tus tswj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb.
Clinically oxytocin koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem physiological tseem ceeb – G protein coupled receptors yog dav faib, thiab tag nrho cov teebmeem yav dhau los (mob plawv, puas siab puas ntsws, los yog lwm yam) tuaj yeem ua tau thiab raug ntsuas raws li qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nws qhov kev ua. Psychological interventions rau autism spectrum disorders, kev ntxhov siab, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) thiab ntau dua, tag nrho cov raug tsim los ntawm thiab rau qee qhov uas txhais los ntawm oxytocin.
Ib ntus
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (Disulfide choj:Cys1-Cys6)
CAS Nr
50-56-6
Molecular Formula
C43H66N12O12S2
Molecular Luj
1007.19
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Oxytocin
1.Txhawb nqa Uterine Contractions
Txij li thaum nws nrhiav tau, oxytocin tau siv feem ntau rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb no – stimulating uterine contractions, tsim kom muaj kev haum xeeb rau kev yug me nyuam. Nws khi rau oxytocin receptors (ib daim ntawv ntawm G protein-coupled receptor) nyob rau ntawm uterine smooth nqaij hlwb. Ua kom muaj kev tshwj xeeb calcium channels hauv cell membrane ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv intracellular calcium concentration.
Myosin light-chain kinase yog ces qhib, ua rau cov lus hais txog kev sib dhos ua ke ntawm yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov nqaij mos endometrial. Cov 'top-down’ contractions zoo li manually thawb lub fetus sab nraud.
Cov kev sim tshuaj kho mob tau qhia txog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob kom txo qis kev sib kis mus rau nruab nrab 2-3 feeb; ncua sij hawm kuj yog ib tug zoo ntaub ntawv nyhuv, ua haujlwm zoo contractions raug tsim los ntawm no. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv qhia tau hais tias oxytocin-induced contractions tsis yog ib qho cuab yeej yooj yim hauv kev xa khoom., postpartum ceev vascular kaw ntawm qhov chaw sib cais (tiv thaiv hemorrhage yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb) ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ze.
2.Txhawb nqa mis ejection
Mis ejection nyob ntawm lub neuroendocrine reflex system, lub let-down reflex. Tus me nyuam ntxais niam lub txiv mis muab qhov pib stimulation, cov hlab ntsha xaus xa cov cim qhia mus rau hypothalamus. Oxytocin yog synthesized thiab tso tawm muaj, taug kev los ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ua rau cov hlwb myoepithelial (nyob ib ncig ntawm mammary alveoli thiab me ducts), lawv contraction yog qhov kawg tshwm sim ntawm mis ejection.
Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias leej niam tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv poj niam nas yog suppressed tom qab 3 teev yoo mov, active mis secretion yog ib yam ntawm cov cwj pwm suppressed. Exogenous oxytocin rov qab ua tus cwj pwm no tag nrho – cov pov thawj ncaj qha ntawm nws txoj kev ua tau zoo hauv kev txhawb nqa cov kua mis ejection.
3.Txhawb kev coj tus cwj pwm
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo yog qee qhov nyuaj rau hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Cov neeg qia dub siv feem ntau lub orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) ua txhua yam ntawm 'social value', prosocial cov tib neeg ntau li ntawd amygdala ua. Kev faib tawm ncaj ncees yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug zoo.
Kev tswj hwm Oxytocin tau pom tias thawb cov tib neeg qia dub mus rau kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo dua.
4.Kev tswj cov hlab plawv thiab cov ntaub so ntswg kho
Kab mob plawv yog qhov ua rau tuag thoob ntiaj teb. Myocardial infarction ua rau loj heev cardiomyocyte tuag; qhov ze ntawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm kho tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus cardiomyocytes sawv cev rau qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau txhua hom kev mob plawv..
Tom qab cryogenic raug mob rau zebrafish lub siab, Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm oxytocin mRNA hauv lub hlwb, Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov nce siab ntawm oxytocin tshwj xeeb hauv lub plawv nws tus kheej. Tshuaj inhibition ntawm qhov kev qhia oxytocin no cuam tshuam tag nrho cov txheej txheem kho mob plawv. – activation of new epicardial cells being one of the more prominent examples.
This study was the first to clearly define oxytocin’s crucial, promotive role in at least some aspects of cardiac cell repair.
5.Anti-inflammatory
In various forms of cardiovascular disease, constant low-grade inflammation and the associated oxidative stress are another near universal barrier to proper cell repair. Oxytocin significantly suppresses the release and subsequent expression of multiple pro-inflammatory factors, reduces the generation of true inflammatory cells, and through enhanced (endogenous) antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase, mitigates all aspects of that oxidative damage.
6.Regulating Appetite and Metabolism
Oxytocin plays a well documented key role in both appetite and more general metabolism. Synthesized in hypothalamic neurons that project to near all brain regions, nws amplifies satiety signals (hlwb raws li) – ib qho ze tam sim muaj zog 'fullness’ yog qhov kawg ntawm kev pub mis.
Direct central paj hlwb kev txiav txim ntawm dopamine nrhiav txoj hauv kev txo cov kev mob siab rau nrhiav cov khoom noj khoom haus siab (rog/qab zib ua piv txwv). Cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau pom tias oxytocin nce insulin los ntawm pancreatic β-hlwb, thiab txhim kho glucose homeostasis.
COA
HPLC
MS
