I-Oxytocin yi-neuropeptide eyenziwe ngama-amino acid alithoba. Idityaniswe ngaphakathi kwe Umongo weparaventricular (I-PVN) kunye ne-nucleus ye-supraoptical ye hypothalamus, igcinwe kwi i-pituitary yangasemva idlala. Kuqalwe kwafunyaniswa kwaye kwadityaniswa ngokwenziwa ngaphakathi 1906, ukuqondwa kwayo ngokwemveli njengehomoni engundoqo yefiziyoloji ijikeleza ekuqaliseni nasekugcineni umsebenzi; Isingqisho se-uterine esigudileyo ukucutheka kwemisipha yeyona ndlela iphambili yokwenza.
Idlala le mammary emva kokubeleka iseli ye-myoepithelial ukufinyela (ukuququzelela zombini imveliso kunye nokukhutshwa okulandelayo kobisi) yenye indima ebalulekileyo echazwe kakuhle. Ukuthintela umsebenzi we-nervous onovelwano, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye icortisol ugxininiso, ukuphiliswa kwesilonda kunye nazo zonke iimpendulo ezinxulumene nokuchasana nokudumba yiminikelo eyongezelelweyo yomzimba eyenziwa yi-oxytocin.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-neuroscience yatyhala inkcazo ye-oxytocin ngakumbi; i-neuropeptide yentlalontle yavela njengenkcazo echanekileyo. Imifuziselo yezilwanyana ibonelele ngobungqina obuninzi bokuba i-oxytocin receptor Ukuchazwa kofuzo kuyiphembelela ngokuthe ngqo indlela yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni. Amanqanaba ezenzo zezentlalo kunye ne-neuroregulatory ngoku zombini zibonwa njengenxalenye yento eyenziwa yi-oxytocin..
Ukuphucula ingqiqo yoluntu, ukuthembana, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovelwano kunye nolwalamano olusenyongweni zonke zikhuthazwa yiyo. Uxinzelelo kunye nokulawulwa kweemvakalelo ngokukodwa, ngokucinezelwa kwe i-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) ekseni, jonga i-oxytocin njengomlawuli ophambili.
I-oxytocin yeklinikhi ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ze-physiological physiological – G protein ii-receptors ezidibeneyo zisasazwa ngokubanzi, kunye nazo zonke iziphumo ezikhankanywe ngaphambili (sentliziyo, ngokwasengqondweni, okanye ngenye indlela) inokuba kwaye ilinganiswa njengeziphumo ezilungileyo zesenzo sayo. Ukungenelela kwengqondo kwi-autism spectrum disorders, ixhala loluntu, Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwasemva kokwenzakala (I-PTSD) kunye nokuninzi, zonke zimiliselwe kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba elithile zichazwa yioxytocin.
Ulandelelwano
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (Ibhulorho yeDisulfide:Cys1-Cys6)
Inombolo yeCAS
50-56-6
Ifomula yeemolekyuli
I-C43H66N12O12S2
Ubunzima beMolekyuli
1007.19
UPhando oluNxulumeneyo lweOxytocin
1.Iyavuselela Ukuqhawuka kwesibeleko
Ukususela ekubhaqweni kwayo, I-oxytocin isetyenziselwe le njongo – ukuvuselela ukuqhawuka kwesibeleko, ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuzala. Ibophelela kwi-oxytocin receptors (uhlobo lwe I-G iprotheni edibeneyo ye-receptor) ibekwe kwiiseli zezihlunu zesibeleko ezigudileyo. Ukuqaliswa kokuthe ngqo iziteshi ze-calcium ngaphakathi inwebu yeseli kukhokelela ekunyukeni okukhulu i-calcium ye-intracellular ugxininiso.
Myosin ukukhanya-chain kinase iyavulwa, okubangela ukucutheka kwesingqisho esikhankanywe ngasentla se-endometrial muscle egudileyo. Ezi ‘phezulu-phantsi’ Ukufinyela kufana ngokusondeleyo nokutyhalela usana ngaphandle.
Izilingo zeklinikhi zibonise ukulawulwa kwe-intravenous ukunciphisa i-contraction intervals ukuya phakathi 2-3 imizuzu; Ukwandiswa kwexesha kukwangumphumela obhalwe kakuhle, Ukucutheka okusebenzayo kwenziwa ngoko. Uphando olongezelelweyo lubonisa ukuba iiconctions ezenziwe yi-oxytocin ayisosixhobo nje sokwenza unikezelo., emva kokubeleka ngokukhawuleza ukuvalwa kwe-vascular kwindawo yokwahlula (ukuthintela ukopha kube sesinye seziphumo ezibaluleke kakhulu) ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufutshane.
2.Ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kobisi
Ukukhutshwa kobisi kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ye-neuroendocrine reflex, i-reflex ephantsi. Usana oluncancisayo ingono kamama lunikeza uvuselelo lokuqala, Iziphelo zemithambo-luvo zihambisa imiqondiso ethethiweyo kwi-hypothalamus. I-Oxytocin iyadityaniswa kwaye ikhutshwe apho, ukuhamba ngegazi ukuya kusebenza kwiiseli ze-myoepithelial (ezijikelezileyo alveoli mammary kunye nemibhobho ezincinane), ukufinyela kwabo kuba sisiphumo sokukhutshwa kobisi.
Olunye uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba ukuziphatha kukamama kwiimpuku zabasetyhini kwacinezelwa emva koko 3 iiyure zokuzila ukutya, ukukhuselwa kobisi olusebenzayo yenye yeendlela zokuziphatha ezicinezelweyo. I-oxytocin yangaphandle ibuyisele le ndlela yokuziphatha ngokupheleleyo – ubungqina obuthe ngqo bokusebenza kwayo ekukhuthazeni ukukhutshwa kobisi.
3.Ukukhuthaza iProsocial Behaviour
Intsebenziswano yentlalontle iye kwinqanaba elithile ukuba ifakwe kwingqondo yomntu. Abantu abazingcayo basebenzise ngokuyintloko i-orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) ukwenza zonke iindlela 'zexabiso lentlalontle', abantu prosocial ngakumbi amygdala. Ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo sisiphumo seprosocial esenzeka ngokwemvelo.
Ulawulo lwe-Oxytocin lubonakaliswe ukuba lutyhalela abantu abazicingelayo ukuba baziphathe ngendlela esekwe kwiprosocially.
4.Ukulawulwa kwe-Cardiovascular Regulation kunye nokulungiswa kweTissue
Isifo senhliziyo ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokufa kwihlabathi jikelele. Imyocardial infarction iziphumo ezinkulu ukufa kwe-cardiomyocyte; ukunqongophala okupheleleyo komthamo wokuzilungisa ngaphakathi kwe-cardiomyocytes yabantu abadala kubonisa umqobo ophambili kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokubuyisela intliziyo..
Ukulandela ukulimala kwe-cryogenic kwiintliziyo ze-zebrafish, Abaphandi babone ukwanda okukhulu kwe-oxytocin mRNA intetho engqondweni, Ukuphakama okuzinzileyo kwe-oxytocin ngokukodwa ngaphakathi kwentliziyo ngokwayo. Ukuvinjelwa kweekhemikhali kule ntetho ye-oxytocin kucinezele kakhulu zonke iinkqubo ezinokulinganiswa zokulungisa intliziyo. – ukusebenza kweeseli ezintsha ze-epicardial ngomnye wemizekelo ebalaseleyo.
Olu phononongo lwaba lolokuqala ukuchaza ngokucacileyo i-oxytocin ebalulekileyo, indima yokukhuthaza ubuncinci kwimiba ethile yokulungiswa kweeseli zentliziyo.
5.Ukuchasana nokudumba
Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo senhliziyo, Ukudumba okuhlala kumanqanaba asezantsi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative oluhambelanayo sesinye isithintelo esikufutshane nendalo yonke ekulungisweni kweeseli ezifanelekileyo. I-Oxytocin icinezela kakhulu ukukhululwa kunye nokubonakaliswa okulandelayo kwezinto ezininzi eziphazamisayo, kunciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli zokwenyani ezivuthayo, kunye nokuphucula (endogenous) antioxidants ezifana glutathione peroxidase, inciphisa yonke imiba yaloo monakalo we-oxidative.
6.Ukulawula ukutya kunye neMetabolism
I-Oxytocin idlala indima ephambili ebhalwe kakuhle kumdla wokutya kunye nemetabolism ngokubanzi. Idityaniswe kwi-hypothalamic neurons esebenza kufutshane nayo yonke imimandla yobuchopho, ikhulisa imiqondiso yokuhlutha (ingqondo isekelwe) – ‘ukuzala okuqinileyo’ ukuba sisiphumo sokutya.
Isenzo esithe ngqo se-nervous system kwi-dopamine yokufuna iindlela zehlisa inkuthazo yokufuna ukutya okunomvuzo ophezulu (amafutha / iswekile yimizekelo ephambili). Uphononongo luye lwabonisa i-oxytocin yokunyusa i-insulin kwi-pancreatic β-iiseli, kunye nokwandisa i-glucose homeostasis.
I-COA
HPLC
NKSK
