Oxytocin

Oxytocin

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide composed of nine amino acids.

 

SKU: 198858 Māhele:
Kaʻana like i kāu aloha

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide composed of nine amino acids. Synthesized within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, it is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. First discovered and artificially synthesized in 1906, its traditional recognition as a key physiological hormone revolves around initiating and sustaining labor; rhythmic uterine smooth muscle contractions being the primary mechanism of action.

Postpartum mammary gland myoepithelial cell contraction (facilitating both production and subsequent ejection of milk) is another well documented essential role. Inhibiting sympathetic nervous activity, reducing blood pressure and cortisol concentrations, wound healing and all related anti-inflammatory responses are additional physiological contributions oxytocin makes.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia, ua koi ʻia ka neuroscience i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka oxytocin; ua puka mai kahi neuropeptide kaiapili e like me ka wehewehe pono loa. Ua hōʻike nui nā ʻano holoholona i kēlā oxytocin receptor Hoʻopili pololei ka ʻōlelo gene i nā ʻano pilikanaka. ʻIke ʻia nā pae o ka nohona a me ka neuroregulatory ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka oxytocin 'hana'.

Hoʻonui i ka ʻike pilikanaka, hilinai like, ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ka empathy a me ka pilina pili pili ʻia e hāpai ʻia e ia. Hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi a me ka manaʻo, ma o ke kaohi ana o ka hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, ʻike i ka oxytocin ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono kī.

Hoʻokomo ka oxytocin clinical i nā kaʻina hana physiological kumu – G protein laha nui ia na mea loaa i huiia, a me nā hopena a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua (maʻi puʻuwai, noʻonoʻo, a i ʻole) hiki ke ana a ke ana ʻia nei ma ke ʻano he hopena maikaʻi o kāna hana. Nā hana noʻonoʻo no nā maʻi autism spectrum, hopohopo pilikanaka, ʻO ka maʻi koʻikoʻi post-traumatic (PTSD) a oi aku, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea a pau e ka oxytocin.

Kaʻina

Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (Alahaka disulfide:Kiekie1-Kiki6)

Helu CAS

50-56-6

ʻĀpana Molekala

C43H66N12O12S2

Kaumaha Molecular

1007.19

Noi'i pili o Oxytocin

1.Hoʻoulu ʻana Hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpū

Mai kona ʻike ʻana, Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka oxytocin no kēia kumu kikoʻī – hoʻoulu i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻopili ia i nā mea loaʻa oxytocin (he ano o ʻO ka mea hoʻokipa i hui pū ʻia me ka protein G) aia ma luna o nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo maʻemaʻe o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻoulu ʻia o kikoʻī nā ala calcium i loko ka membrane cell alakai i ka pii nui o calcium intracellular hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

Myosin kaulahao kinase a laila ho'ā, ʻo ka hopena i nā ʻokiʻoki ʻana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo maʻemaʻe endometrial. ʻO kēia mau 'luna-lalo’ ʻO nā ʻokiʻoki like loa me ka hoʻokuke lima ʻana i ke keiki i waho.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i ka hoʻokele intravenous e hōʻemi i nā wā ʻoki i waena 2-3 minuke; ʻO ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana o ka lōʻihi he hopena i kākau maikaʻi ʻia, hana ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki hana maikaʻi ma laila. Ke hōʻike nei nā noiʻi hou aʻe ʻaʻole ʻo ka oxytocin-induced contractions he mea hana maʻalahi i ka lawe ʻana., ka pani ʻana o ka vascular ma hope o ka hānau ʻana ma ke kahua kaʻawale (ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka hemorrhage kekahi o nā hopena koʻikoʻi) e pāʻani ana i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi.

2.Hoʻolaha ʻia ka waiu waiu

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka waiū e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana neuroendocrine reflex, ka let-down reflex. Hāʻawi ke keiki hānai i ka nipple o ka makuahine i ka hoʻoulu mua, nā aʻalolo e hoʻouna ana i nā hōʻailona i ka hypothalamus. Hoʻopili ʻia ka oxytocin a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma laila, ka hele ʻana ma ke kahe koko e hana ma luna o nā cell myoepithelial (a puni ka mammary alveoli a me nā ducts liʻiliʻi), ʻO ko lākou ʻoki ʻana ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka waiū.

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i ka hana ʻana o ka makuahine i nā ʻiole wahine ma hope 3 hora hookeai, ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe waiu ikaika kekahi o nā ʻano hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ka oxytocin exogenous i kēia ʻano – hōʻoia pololei o kona pono i ka paipai ʻana i ka waiu ejection.

3.Hoʻolaha ʻana i ke ʻano Prosocial

Hoʻopili paʻa ʻia nā pilina pili kanaka i loko o ka lolo kanaka. Hoʻohana ka poʻe ponoʻī ma mua ka orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) e hana i nā ʻano āpau o ka 'waiwai waiwai', prosocial kanaka oi aku ka amygdala. ʻO ka hāʻawi like ʻana he hopena prosocial kūlohelohe.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokele o Oxytocin e hoʻohuli i ka poʻe paʻakikī i ka ʻano prosocially.

4.Hoʻoponopono maʻi maʻi a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻili

ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka make ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hōʻeha o ka myocardial hopena i ka nui make cardiomyocyte; ʻO ka nele loa o ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono pono iā ia iho i loko o nā cardiomyocytes makua he mea keakea mua i kekahi ʻano o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka naʻau..

Ma hope o ka hōʻeha cryogenic i nā puʻuwai zebrafish, Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka oxytocin mRNA hōʻike i ka lolo, ka hopena o ka piʻi ʻana o ka oxytocin i loko o ka puʻuwai ponoʻī. ʻO ke kāohi kemika o kēia ʻōlelo oxytocin i hoʻopaʻa nui i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono puʻuwai hiki ke ana – ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o nā pūnaewele epicardial hou kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa.

This study was the first to clearly define oxytocin’s crucial, promotive role in at least some aspects of cardiac cell repair.

5.Anti-inflammatory

In various forms of cardiovascular disease, constant low-grade inflammation and the associated oxidative stress are another near universal barrier to proper cell repair. Oxytocin significantly suppresses the release and subsequent expression of multiple pro-inflammatory factors, reduces the generation of true inflammatory cells, and through enhanced (endogenous) antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase, mitigates all aspects of that oxidative damage.

6.Regulating Appetite and Metabolism

Oxytocin plays a well documented key role in both appetite and more general metabolism. Synthesized in hypothalamic neurons that project to near all brain regions, it amplifies satiety signals (brainstem based) – a near immediate strong ‘fullness’ being the end result of feeding.

Direct central nervous system action on dopamine seeking pathways reduces the motivation to seek out high reward foods (fat/sugar being prime examples). Studies have also shown oxytocin to increase insulin from pancreatic β-cells, and enhance glucose homeostasis.

COA

HPLC

MS

(1) Widmer, M.; Piaggio, ʻO G.; ʻO Nguyen, ʻO T. M. H.; Osoti, A.; Owa, O. O.; Misra, S.; Coomarasamy, A.; Abdel-Aleem, H.; Mallapur, A. A.; Qureshi, Z.; et al. Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth. New England Journal of Medicine 2018, 379 (8), 743-752. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1805489.

(2) Carter, C. S.; Kenkel, Ua ʻōlelo ʻo W. M.; MacLean, E. L.; Wilson, S. R.; Perkeybile, A. M.; Yee, J. R.; Ferris, C. F.; Nazarloo, H. P.; Porges, S. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo W.; Davis, J. M.; et al. Is Oxytocin “Nature’s Medicine”? Pharmacological Reviews 2020, 72 (4), 829-861. DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019398.

(3) Liu, Y.; Li, S.; Lin, Ua ʻōlelo ʻo W.; Li, Ua ʻōlelo ʻo W.; Yan, X.; ʻO Wang, X.; Pan, X.; Rutledge, R. B.; Ua haʻi aku ʻo Ma, Y. Oxytocin modulates social value representations in the amygdala. Nature Neuroscience 2019, 22 (4), 633-641. DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0351-1.

(4) Love, ʻO T. M. Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2014, 119, 49-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.06.011.

(5) Karten, A.; Kasselman, L.; Renna, H. A.; Lam, E.; Glass, D. S.; Vernice, N. A.; DeLeon, J.; Reiss, A. Nā Hana Atheroprotective o Oxytocin i nā Macrophages kanaka: Hoʻemi ʻia ka Lipid Accumulation ma lalo o nā kūlana inflammatory. Ka Nupepa o ka American College of Cardiology 2019, 73 (9). DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)32666-x.

(6) Hermes, A. C.; Kernberg, A. S.; Layoun, V. R.; Caughey, A. B. Oxytocin: physiology, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka noi lapaʻau no ka hoʻokele hana. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024, 230 (3), S729-S739. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.06.041.

kikoʻī

2 mg, 5 mg

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