I-Epithalon iyi-bioactive i-tetrapeptide kutholwe futhi kwacwengwa ngezifundo ezisebenzayo ze i-pineal gland. Ukulandelana okuqondile kwe-amino acid yi-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly.
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1980, Ososayensi baseRussia benza ucwaningo oluhlelekile ngendima yokulawula ye-pineal gland phakathi kwezinqubo zokuguga zezinto eziphilayo.. I-Bioactive i-molecule encane izingcezu ze-peptide zahlukaniswa futhi zabonakala njengengxenye yalo msebenzi;
I-Epithalon ngokwayo yasungulwa kusukela kucezu olulodwa olunjalo olusebenzayo. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwale peptide kuholele ekuhlanganiseni kwayo okuphumelelayo kokwenziwa.
Iyingxenye yesigaba esichazwe kakhulu sama-peptide e-bioregulatory, I-Epithalon ibona ngokukhethekile izinhlobo ezithile ze isakhi sofuzo nokulandelayo imisebenzi yeselula.
Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwe-vivo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-in vitro kukhombisile ukuthi ivula ngokuhlukile ukuvezwa kwe i-telomerase reverse transcriptase (I-TERT) – i-catalytic subunit ye-telomerase – okuwumongo oseduze wendawo yonke we ukuguga kwamaselula.
I-Telomerase ama-synthesizes (futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu kunxephezela) ukulahlekelwa ubude be-telomere ku i-chromosome iyaphela; kuphindiwe ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli kubangela lokhu kulahlekelwa. Ukwelula ubude be-telomere kuthuthukisa ngokuqondile imikhawulo ye-in vitro yokuphindaphinda kwamaseli, ukunciphisa zonke ‘izimpawu’ ezihambisanayo’ yokuguga kwamangqamuzana eqiniso.
Amamodeli ezilwane abonise imiphumela ebalulekile evela ku-Epithalon: isandiso sempilo yebhayoloji, okungenani ukuguqulwa okuyingxenye kokuwohloka komzimba okuhlobene neminyaka, ukulawulwa kwamasosha omzimba, ukuvinjelwa kwe (abanye) i-tumorigenesis, futhi kuze kube iphuzu ukubuyiselwa kwebhalansi ye-endocrine.
Ukushintsha izinkulumo zofuzo ezibalulekile nokubanazo (ngezinga elithile) Izakhiwo ze-antioxidant zikholelwa ukuthi ziyimbangela yakho konke okungenhla. I-Epithalon, ngenxa yalokho, ihlala iyinhlanganisela ebhekwa kakhulu ye-bioactive kuyo yonke imigqa yocwaningo lokulwa nokuguga.
Ukulandelana
H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH
Inombolo ye-CAS
307297-39-8
I-Molecular Formula
I-C14H22N4O9
Isisindo samangqamuzana
390.35
Ucwaningo lwe-Epithalon
1.Anti-aging Effects
Ama-telomere ayizinkimbinkimbi ze-DNA-protein ezikhethekile ezitholakala ekugcineni kwe ama-chromosome e-eukaryotic. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvikela iziphetho ze-chromosome ekubonweni njengomonakalo we-DNA; ukuvimbela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuwohloka kwe-chromosomal kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlukaniswa kweseli ngakunye kubangela ukufinyezwa kancane kwalawa ma-telomere.
Ukufinyelela ubude obuncane kubangela ukuphindaphinda ukuzwela noma izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusabela komonakalo we-DNA; ukuboshwa kokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli (ngokukhethekile ku Isigaba se-G1) futhi ukukhishwa okulandelayo kwamahomoni amaningana ahlotshaniswa nokuguga kwamaselula kuwumphumela wokugcina.
I-Telomerase, a i-ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwale DNA ye-telomere futhi iyifake emuva ekupheleni kwechromosome – kunxephezela ukufushaniswa kwangaphambilini. I-Epithalon ivula ngokukhethekile isakhi sofuzo se-TERT esibhekele lo msebenzi, ilawula ngokuyisisekelo i-telomerase.
Ucwaningo lwemodeli yezilwane lubonise imijovo yezikhathi ezithile ukuze yelule kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila, ukubambezela izici eziningi zokwehla komzimba okuhlobene neminyaka, nciphisa (isicishe iphele ukuqedwa) ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene wokuguga, futhi nxazonke ulungisa izindlela eziyinhloko ze-senescence.
2.I-Antioxidant ne-anti-inflammatory effect
I-Drosophila melanogaster iyimodeli esungulwe kahle yokuhlolwa i-lipid peroxidation amazinga. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sezibungu ukungezwa kwe 0.00001% I-Epithalon ivimbele ngempumelelo ukwanda obekulindelekile ku-peroxidation eshiwo. I-antioxidant enamandla futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu imiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala iboniswa yilo mphumela.
Ucwaningo oluhlukile olubheka ukugxila okuhlukile kwe-Epithalon ekuthuthukisweni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi lwathola izimpukane ezikhulile nezikhulile ukuba zibe abamukeli abayinhloko bemiphumela yazo.. I-Genotoxicity akubonwanga.
3.Amandla e-Antitumor
I-Epithalon inciphisa ukungazinzi kwe-chromosomal; ukususwa kwe-chromosomal kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuguqulwa kuthinta ngokuqondile i-DNA yebhayoloji. Ukushoda kwe-DNA ngokuvamile kuyimbangela eyinhloko yamaselula i-carcinogenesis.
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside oluyizimpumputhe oluphindwe kabili lubonise ukuncipha okuqondile kukho kokubili ukuvela kwesimila kanye nokuhlukahluka okuvela ekwelashweni kwe-Epithalon. Indima esebenzayo ekuvimbeleni izici eziqondile zokuthuthukiswa kwesimila nayo iyabonwa. Ukwelapha izimila ezinosayizi ofanayo nendawo, Ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nge-Epithalon kuholele ekukhuleni kwesimila okuncanyana okwalandela.
4.I-Endocrine Regulatory Effects
I-Epithalon iyi-bioactive ejenti ekwazi ukuba nomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni kwamaseli e-gastric endocrine.
Ukuhlolwa okusetshenziswa amagundane aneminyaka ephakathi kwabona i-pineal gland isusiwe ezihlokweni; iqembu lokuhlola lithole ukuphathwa kwe-Epithalon okuqhubekayo. Ukubalwa kwamaseli akhiqiza i-gastrin nakhiqiza i-somatostatin kubonise eduze ukulondolozwa okuphelele kwalokho okufunayo. i-endocrine cell izinhlobo eziqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa cishe okuphelele kwalawa maseli ngemva kokususwa kukaphayini kuyinkomba ecacile yomphumela we-Epithalon okungenani uhlobo oluthile lokuziphatha kwamaseli e-endocrine..
5.Ukuvuselelwa Kwezicubu Nokulungisa Umsebenzi
I-Epithalon ibonisa ukufana okuthile ama-retinoids. Ihlola i-retinal tissue morphology kumagundane aneminyaka ephakathi, Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwe-Epithalon kwalondoloza zonke izakhiwo ze-retina; ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwe-retina kwabonakala kumagundane angalashwanga.
Izendlalelo ze-retina ezilashwa nge-Epithalon zigcine yazo ubuqotho, nokwanda kulokho okungachazwa kuphela ngokuthi 'izindawo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo'. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kweziguli (162 ingqikithi, iminyaka ehlukahlukene) nge-retinitis pigmentosa okwamanje iyalandelwa; ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lokubona kwe 0.15-0.25 kubikiwe, kanye nayo yonke insimu yokubuka eyindilinga (ngezinga elithile). Imiphumela emibi ayibikwanga.
6.Ukuthuthukisa Umsebenzi We-Metabolic
Ku 2004, okunye ukuhlola ngezinkawu ze-macaque kwabonisa umphumela we-Epithalon ngokuqondile emazingeni eglucose yegazi. Izinkawu ezincane nezindala zithole imijovo ye-intramuscular ye-Epithalon; kwathathwa izilinganiso zeglucose yegazi okwalandela.
Ngaphambi kokuphatha, Izinkawu esezikhulile zakhombisa amazinga aphezulu eglucose egazini. Izilinganiso zangemuva kokudoswa kwembule ukwehliswa okucacile nokuphawulekayo kulawa mazinga ezinkawini ezindala. Ibuyela kusisekelo (okungenani okwesikhashana) ibhekwe inyanga eyodwa ngemva kokumiswa kokuphatha.⁶
7.Ukulawulwa Kwesistimu Yamasosha omzimba
Ucwaningo olusebenzisa amasiko e-organotypic we-primary rat fibroblasts kanye ne-explants ehlukahlukene yesikhumba samagundane kubonisa uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi wokulawula amasosha omzimba oluboniswa yi-Epithalon., okungenani ngaphakathi kwezicubu zesikhumba.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamaseli alashiwe kubonise ukwanda (kakhulu) I-SOD-1 kanye nenkulumo ye-NQO1 – zombili zibhalwe kahle omaka be-antioxidant/enzymatic. Ukukhuthaza lolu hlobo ‘lokuzivikela komzimba’ noma okungenani ukuvikela, umsebenzi wokulawula yinto ososayensi abayikhombe njengomphumela omuhle.
8.I-Neuroprotection kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwengqondo
Amandla okufunda ayegxile ezifundweni eziningana; ukuvikela kanye nokulungiswa kwama-neurons (Imiphumela ye-antioxidant iyingxenye enkulu yale nqubo, kanye ne-neurotransmitter ecashile kanye nentuthuko ehlobene ne-neurotrophic factor eseduze) yilokho i-Epithalon ekwazi ukukufeza.
Ikhono lokufunda elithuthukisiwe ezinkawini esezikhulile kuwumphumela oqondile wazo zonke lezi zici ezishiwo ngenhla.
I-COA
I-HPLC
MS
