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An estimated 1.3 million people acquired HIV in 2024, na 40.8 million were living with the virus at the end of that year (UNAIDS, 2025). Against a prevention …
Kedu ihe bụ melittin na gịnị kpatara a na-atụle peptide akpụkpọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ megide nje HIV-1?
Melittin bụ peptide cationic amphipathic fọdụrụnụ 26 nwere usoro GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ-NH2 yana ịdị arọ molekụla ihe dịka. 2840 Na (Oke na Immunology, 2024). Mpaghara N-terminal ya na-abụkarị hydrophobic ebe mpaghara C-terminal bụ polar na cationic., Ya mere, peptide nkebi n'ime lipid bilayers wee mpịaji n'ime amphipathic α-helix. (PMC7224078, 2019).
Usoro ahụ na-arụpụta nsonaazụ dabere na ntinye uche: insertion into the membrane, oligomerization, na nguzobe pore nke na-agbapụta ion na ọdịnaya intracellular. A ka na-arụrịta ụka kpọmkwem ihe owuwu pore dị, ma ihe na-esi na ya pụta bụ imebi akpụkpọ ahụ (PMC7224078, 2019). Maka nje kpuchiri ekpuchi, peptide nke na-agbaji akpụkpọ ahụ bụ ihe mgbochi nwere ike ịpụta, na usoro atọ mgbochi retroviral ka atụpụtala: virolysis kpọmkwem nke akpụkpọ ahụ viral, permeabilization nke envelopu, na ikpochapụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa viral (PMC7224078, 2019).
Nsogbu bụ selectivity. Melittin anaghị ahọrọ n'ime ime membranes viral; ọ na-akpaghasị akpụkpọ anụ mammalian plasma, karịsịa erythrocytes (Oke na Immunology, 2024). A na-akọ HC50 megide mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie mmadụ bụ 16.28 ± 0.17 µg/ml n'ime a 2% nkwusioru gafere 24 awa, na LC50 ya megide sel dendritic mmadụ akabeghị aka bụ 43.42 ± 0.86 µg/ml (Oke na Immunology, 2024).
Nke ahụ bụ nsogbu nleba anya n'otu nọmba. Peptide na-arụ ọrụ akpụkpọ ahụ enweghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ike bara uru na-enweghị ọnụ ọgụgụ toxicity host-membrane jikọtara ọnụ, ọ bụ ya mere a ga-eji kpee ụdị peptide ọ bụla nke na-arụ ọrụ akpụkpọ ahụ n'ogo, ọ bụghị naanị uru antiviral.
Ndekọ ntụgharị asụsụ maka klaasị peptide a na-atụgharị uche. Karịrị 3,000 Achọpụtala peptides antimicrobial, mana naanị 7 eruola nkwado FDA, 5 n'ime ha akpụkpọ ahụ-arụ ọrụ: gramicidin, daptomycin, oritavanc, telavancin, na colistin (PMC7168295, 2020). Ọnụọgụ ahụ sitere na otu nlebanya ma ekwesịrị ịgụ ya dị ka eserese n'usoro karịa ka ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nhụta ziri ezi..
Kedu ihe ọmụmụ melittin-nanoparticle HIV-1 gosipụtara n'ezie na vitro?
The mbụ nanoparticle ọmụmụ kọrọ ihe IC50 nke 2.4 µM na IC90 nke 6.9 µM megide CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 (nsogbu NLHX), na 3.6 µM na 11.4 µM megide ụdị CCR5-tropics NLYU2 (PubMed 22954649, 2013). Nnwale ahụ jiri mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nta akụkọ TZM-bl na-ebu luciferase n'okpuru onye na-akwalite nje HIV-1, na CD4 soluble dị ka njikwa dị mma, nke n'onwe ya nyere IC50 ụkpụrụ nke 3.7 µg/mL megide nje virus CXCR4-tropic na 0.03 µg/ml megide nje virus CCR5-tropic (PubMed 22954649, 2013).
Ọpụpụ abụọ dị mkpa ka ọnụọgụgụ. Mbụ, Nyochaa antiviral nke na-edepụta ụkpụrụ EC50 ndị a na-edekọ CC50 na index selectivity dị ka ekpebibeghị. (PMC7224078, 2019). Ọ nweghị index selectivity ebipụtara maka urughuru a, yabụ onye ọ bụla na-ehota windo ọgwụgwọ na-agbakọ ihe ndị ode akwụkwọ na-emeghị. Nke abụọ, Ọ nweghị ụlọ nyocha nke abụọ ewepụtala ụkpụrụ dị na isi mmalite ndị a tụlere ebe a; nke 2.4 µM na 3.6 µM ụzọ abụọ na-egosi na mkpuchi akwụkwọ akụkọ yana nyocha nke ala, mana ihe niile metụtara otu akwụkwọ a.
Nhazi ahụ n'onwe ya bụ kpọmkwem na ọ bara uru ikwu kpọmkwem. Onye na-ebu ya bụ isi perfluorooctyl bromide inert nwere shei surfactant lipid unilamellar., na melittin na-ekekọta ma tinye n'ime shei ahụ (PLoS ONE, 2014). Ngwakọta nke lipid surfactant bụ 98.9 mol% akwa lecithin, 0.1 mol% DiI, na 1 mol% carboxy-PEG-DSPE, na ihe nkiri lipid na 2.0% w/v jikọtara ya na perfluorootyl bromide na 20% w/v (PLoS ONE, 2014).
Melittin efu n'okpuru 2 µM abụghị cytotoxic nye mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-ede akụkọ ma dị irè nke ukwuu megide ụdị abụọ ahụ, ebe a na-akọ nanoparticle ka ọ dị mma megide VK2 sel epithelial ikpu na doses ndị a nwalere. (PubMed 22954649, 2013). Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ n'onwe ya bụ na nchọpụta n'ọdịnihu pụtara na ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ikike prophylactic, nke bụ ndekọ ziri ezi maka nsonaazụ mbụ in vitro (PubMed 22954649, 2013).
Kedu ka ị ga-esi kpee ikpe ma mmetụta antiviral bụ nkewapụ na mmebi nke onye ọbịa-membrane?
Ọmụmụ ihe otu ahụ na-enye ụkpụrụ ejikọtara ọnụ na-eme ka ikpe ahụ kwe omume. Melittin efu nwere viability VK2 epithelial cell viability IC50 nke 1.3 µM, mbelata ikpu cell viability na 1 µM na karịa, na mbelata sperm motility na viability n'elu 2 µM, ya na 8 µM ma ọ bụ karịa na-ewepụ ha abụọ (PLoS ONE, 2014).
Tulee ọrụ mgbochi nje yana ịdị ndụ cell-cell site na iji usoro dabara adaba, ndabere itinye uche, oge ikpughe na sel ndị dị mkpa. Uru sitere na ọmụmụ dị iche iche enweghị ike ịmepụta ndepụta nhọrọ nhọrọ ma ọ bụ gosi na peptide efu na-ada n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla..
Isotope akpọrọ Peptides emeputa Neoantigen Synthesis Mgbakwunye Nanoparticle na-atụgharị ọnụ ụzọ toxicity, na mgbanwe ahụ bụ nchoputa n'ezie. Melittin nanoparticles bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nye epithelium ikpu naanị na mkpokọta melittin nhata. 20 µM ma ọ bụ karịa, na spam naanị na 40 µM ma ọ bụ karịa, Mbelata cytotoxicity ugboro ise n'ihe metụtara melittin efu (PLoS ONE, 2014). Otu akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọ enweghị cytotoxicity na spam ma ọ bụ epithelium ikpu n'ogo nke melittin. 10 µM, nke dị n'elu 2.4 µM na 3.6 µM ụkpụrụ mgbochi nje.
Isi mmalite na-akọwapụta nchekwa ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche, na ihe dị iche kwesịrị ịmara. Nke 2013 steeti ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe VK2 emetụtaghị ikike ọ bụla nke nanoparticles melittin bujuru nwalere., mgbe 2014 ibe akwụkwọ na-enye kpọmkwem ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 10 µM kwadoro na 20 µM dị ka ntinye nsi mbụ (Neuropeptide Y Synthesis href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22954649/">PubMed 22954649, 2013; PLoS ONE, 2014). Nke ikpeazụ, ebe a kapịrị ọnụ bụ nke a ga-ehota, n'ihi na "ihe ọ bụla dose" dị mbara karịa nkwado data.
Ngbanwe ugboro ise abụghị ndepụta ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụ mgbanwe n'otu nyocha n'otu ụdị sel, na otu akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa ịnwale ọzọ iji chọpụta cytotoxicity n'ime usoro ihe atụ nke physiologically (PLoS ONE, 2014). Were ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ okpukpu ise dị ka mmetụta nhazi kwesịrị ịchụso, ọ bụghị dị ka oke nchekwa.
Kedu njirimara nhazi na-akọwapụta ngwaahịa ahụ, ọ bụghị naanị nnwale?
Àgwà ndị na-akọwapụta ngwaahịa bụ ndị onye na-achịkwa ga-ajụ gị ka ịchịkwa, na ntuziaka FDA maka ngwaahịa ọgwụ liposome depụtara ha ozugbo: pụtara urughuru nha na nha nkesa, morphology na laellarity, ikike zeta ma ọ bụ ụgwọ net, encapsulation arụmọrụ, ọgwụ efu na-achịkwa iche site na ọgwụ ekpuchiri ekpuchi, yana nnwale ntọhapụ in-vitro kwadoro (FDA, 2018).
Edere ntuziaka ahụ maka liposomes, na onye na-ebu melittin bụ emulsion perfluorocarbon nwere monolayer lipid, ọ bụghị bilayer liposome (PMC2710241, 2008). Itinye ya n'ọrụ ebe a bụ ntụnyere onye nyocha ga-atụ anya ka ị gọzie, ọbụghị ihe achọrọ. Ndepụta njirimara ka na-ejide, n'ihi na ihe ọ bụla na-agbanwe ihe ngwaahịa ahụ bụ.
E gosipụtara nha nha na ụgwọ elu n'oge mmepe mmepụta: dayameta nke isi-shell bụ ihe dị ka 290 nm na-enweghị mgbanwe mgbe mgbakwunye melittin gasịrị (289.8 nm), na ikike zeta gbanwere site na -17.2 mV na-enweghị melittin gaa +17.82 mV na oke lipid-to-melittin nke 30 (PMC2710241, 2008). Ndị ahụ bụ ụkpụrụ mmepe, ọ bụghị nkọwa ntọhapụ, na-egosikwa ha dị ka mmadụ ga-aghọtahie ihe a tụrụ.
The monolayer na-akọwa ihe mere onye na-ebu ya na-adị ndụ. Melittin na-ejikọta perfluorocarbon nanoparticles na dissociation mgbe niile banyere 3.27 nM, nabata usoro α-helical nwere okirikiri dichroism minima na 208 na 220 nm, ma na-eli Trp-19 n'akụkụ ebe ikuku perfluorocarbon (PMC2710241, 2008). Otu akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-akọ na usoro monolayer emebibeghị na microscopy eletrọn ka mgbakwunye melittin gasịrị, dị iche na liposomes bilayer na-egosi nkwụsịtụ.
Nha na-ebelata ụzọ abụọ, na isi mmalite ekwekọrịtaghị banyere ụzọ. Akwụkwọ ibe na-arụ ụka na 250 ka 300 Dayameta nm nwere ike igbochi ịbanye n'ime ihe mgbochi epithelial ikpu wee belata mmịpụta usoro. (PLoS ONE, 2014), ebe nyocha usoro nnyefe na-ekwu na otu nha ahụ nwere ike ọ gaghị adabara mgbasa na mkpokọta ekwentị na saịtị ahụ. (PMC8773652, 2022). Otu nha ahụ bụ ihe nchebe n'otu ọgụgụ na ihe mgbochi na nke ọzọ, na otu ngwaahịa ga-ekpebi nke ọ bụ maka ụzọ a chọrọ.
Kedu ihe kpatara nyocha-cell onye nta akụkọ anaghị ebu amụma maka mucosal ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ ugboro ugboro?
Nyocha cell onye nta akụkọ na-atụle otu ihe nke ọma na ọtụtụ ihe ọ bụghị ma ọlị. Sistemụ TZM-bl na-akọwapụta ọrịa site na luminescence ma dịkwa ngwa na ọnụ ahịa, mana nyocha preclinical microbicide na-ekwu na a ga-ekwenye na ọ dị irè mgbe niile na sel ndị mbụ, karịsịa CD4 T cell, Nke bụ isi ebumnuche mbụ nke nje HIV (PMC4818646, 2015).
Nhọrọ nke eriri bụ oghere nke abụọ. A nwalere melittin nanoparticle megide NLHX na NLYU2, ma ụdị nyocha ụlọ nyocha (PubMed 22954649, 2013). Otu nyochaa na-ekwu na iji CCR5-okpomọkụ ebufe/onye nchoputa ụdị, ọ bụghịkwa naanị ụdị nrụgharị ụlọ nyocha, dị mkpa n'ihi na nje na-ebufe/onye nchoputa nwere atụmatụ pụrụ iche (PMC4818646, 2015). Gụọ ọnụ, A nwalebeghị urughuru ahụ megide klaasị nke ubi ahụ chere na ọ kacha dị mkpa maka mbufe.
Plasma nke Seminal bụ oghere nke atọ, na ọ na-ebu ozugbo na nje virus na-ezubere iche. Plasma nke Seminal mụbara IC50 nke inhibitors megide reverse transcriptase, igbakota, ma gbasaa site na 8 ka 21 mpịakọta, mgbe CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc, nke na-elekwasị anya akụkụ cellular, nọgidere na-enwe ike (PMC4818646, 2015). A na-akọwa Melittin nanoparticles dị ka ijide ma na-akpaghasị virion, nke na-eme ka ha na-ezubere nje virus, na ọ nweghị akwụkwọ nyochara ebe a na-akọ ọrụ melittin n'ihu plasma seminal.
Nyochaa na-ekwukwa na ọmụmụ ihe na-achọ ka ọ dị elu nke ukwuu viral doses iji guzobe ọrịa na ya mere adịghị mma maka obere., physiologically mkpa inocula, na nsi nke onye na-eme ntuli aka na-ebute nwere ike imehie ya dị ka ọrụ antiviral (PMC4818646, 2015). Isi ihe ikpeazụ ahụ bụ ọnyà maka onye ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ akpụkpọ ahụ: peptide na-egbu mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike ịdị ka peptide na-akwụsị nje.
Ikpughe mucosal ugboro ugboro na-agbakwụnye ọkwa nchịkwa nke otu dose adịghị emetụ aka. A na-enyocha ngwaahịa mgbochi nke dị n'akụkụ site na nsi nke ikpu ugboro ugboro n'ụdị abụọ, ọmụmụ na ọmụmụ toxicity ọmụmụ, na ule iwe iwe (FDA, Ndị na-emepụta Peptide N'ogbe 2005), na ntuziaka microbicide nke ikpu na-atụ aro ịtụle mbufụt cervicovaginal na mmebi epithelial (FDA, 2014). Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ luciferase nke awa 48 ekwughị ihe ọ bụla gbasara nke ọ bụla.
Kedu njirimara nyocha na ndekọ ka onye nyocha chọrọ?
Malite na usoro nkọwapụta, n'ihi na ọ dị mfe imejọ. Maka peptide nke emekọtara kemịkal, usoro bụ isi bụ ICH Q6A, Ebe ICH Q6B na-ewepu n'ụzọ doro anya peptides sịntetik (I, 1999). Kwenye n'ahịrị ahịrịokwu Q6A megide ederede dị ugbu a tupu itinye akwụkwọ, n'ihi na nkwupụta ọdabara bụ akụkụ ndị nyocha na-enyocha mbụ.
Chepụta ọmụmụ nkwụsi ike maka nhazi a chọrọ, akpa, ụzọ na nchekwa na-ekwu. Ọmụmaatụ ụlọ ICH izugbe abụghị ọnọdụ achọrọ maka emulsion perfluorocarbon dị n'elu. Mara iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe peptide, peptide n'efu na jikọtara ya, urughuru Njirimara na ọrụ n'elu ziri ezi oge.
Ọ nweghị ebe a tụlere ebe a na-akọ nkwụsi ike melittin nanoparticle n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọ bụla. Akwụkwọ ibe ahụ na-akọ naanị nha ahụ yana ikike zeta kwadoro nkwụsi ike na pH ikpu maka opekata mpe ụbọchị atọ (PLoS ONE, 2014), nke na-abụghị ọnọdụ nchekwa ICH. Ọdịiche ahụ bụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti usoro nke na-adị ndụ nnwale na nke nwere ndụ nchekwa.
Maka ọgwụ injectable, sterility na endotoxin na-atụ anya ka aha ya bụ isi: USP <71> Nnwale ịmụ nwa, USP <85> Nnwale Endotoxins nke nje, na USP <788> Ihe dị mkpa na injections (USP, ugbu a). Oke ọnụọgụgụ na-ebi n'edemede isiakwụkwọ ma ekwesịrị isi ebe ahụ pụta karịa site na nchịkọta.
Ntuziaka liposome FDA na-agbakwụnye atụmanya nrụpụta nke dị mfe ileghara anya: Ekwesịrị igosipụta ịmụ nwa na enweghị pyrogens ma ọ bụ nje endotoxins, ụzọ nchacha na ụzọ sterilization nke ngwaahịa akwadoro ga-egosirịrị ọrụ nzacha sterilizing na-emebighị iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe., na njikwa endotoxin kwesịrị ka edozi ya na usoro nrụpụta karịa naanị site na nyocha ngwaahịa emechara (FDA, 2018).
Ngwungwu nyocha kwesịrị ijikọ njirimara, peptide ọdịnaya, n'efu na peptide jikọtara ya, urughuru nha na nkesa, ụgwọ elu, ntọhapụ na njikwa ndu ndị dị mkpa na nza a nwalere. Tinye microbiological, endotoxin na particulate njirisi dị ka ụzọ ahụ si dị, ogbo na nhazi karia ibubata ihe nile a choro injectable n'ime ihe nlere anya. Onye nrụpụta Peptide
Kedu ihe akaebe ka na-efu tupu nkwupụta ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nke azụmahịa ziri ezi?
The zoro aka 2024 Nyochaa egosighi nrụpụta ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nchekwa nke melittin maka mgbochi HIV. Nke a bụ nkwupụta akaebe ụbọchị, Ọ bụghị nyocha ndekọ aha zuru oke ugbu a nke usoro ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi melittin ọ bụla.
Ọ nweghị akwụkwọ nyochara ebe a na-akọ nsonaazụ in vivo dị irè maka melittin nanoparticle vaginal virucide.. Akwụkwọ ibe ahụ na-ekwu na ebumnuche ogologo oge bụ ikpo okwu nke sitere na ikpu yana na a ga-achọrọ nchekwa nchekwa na nrụpụta arụmọrụ n'ụdị anụmanụ na-akpachi anya na gburugburu ikpu. (PLoS ONE, 2014). Akwụkwọ bụ isi na-akpọ data ya ihe akaebe mbụ nke echiche wee kwuo na nyocha n'ọdịnihu dị ka ihe kwesịrị ekwesị (PubMed 22954649, 2013).
A naghị edozikwa usoro ahụ n'ụzọ ga-agbanwe ihe ị ga-atụ. Nke 2013 Abstract na-eme ka urughuru ahụ dị ka ijide ma na-akpaghasị nje, mgbe nyocha nke nje na-ekwu na mkpokọta ihe akaebe na-egosi mmetụta mgbochi nje HIV na-adabere na dose na-arụ ọrụ site na ibelata ndenye nje HIV na ibelata mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa viral kama site na lysis nke membranes cellular ma ọ bụ viral. (PubMed 22954649, 2013; PMC7224078, 2019). Ndị a bụ agụmagụ asọmpi, ọ bụghị nke edoziri, na ha na-egosi ụdị nyocha dị iche iche na ụdị ọdịda dị iche iche.
Oghere abụọ ọzọ bara uru ịkpọ aha. Nbunye ọgwụ a kọrọ maka ndị na-ebu melittin na-anọdụ n'ogo pasentị otu ọnụọgụ, ya na otu usoro PLGA ruru banyere 90% loading arụmọrụ na 6 ka 7% ọdịnaya ọgwụ mgbe ion-pairing gasịrị (PMC8773652, 2022); ụkpụrụ ndị ahụ bụ nke ụgbọelu ahụ akọwapụtara nke ọma na e kwesịghị ijikọ ya n'otu akara. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbatị ọkara ndụ plasma pụtara naanị na nyocha, ọ bụghị n'akwụkwọ edemede mbụ a tụlere ebe a (PMC8773652, 2022). Nmm Peptide Synthesis
Ngosipụta ihe akaebe, ka ewere: Ntugharị onwe nke ụkpụrụ IC50, ndepụta nhọrọ nhọrọ nke ebipụtara, mmemme megide ụdị ebutere / onye nchoputa na sel CD4 T nke mbụ, ọrụ na ọnụnọ nke plasma seminal na mmiri cervicovaginal, toxicity mucosal ugboro ugboro na ụdị abụọ, ICH data nkwụsi ike, yana nsonaazụ nrụpụta in vivo. Ruo mgbe a ga-ejupụta n'ọsọ ndị ahụ, Nkọwa eziokwu nke melittin nanoparticles na HIV-1 bụ akara ngosi in vitro na-adọrọ adọrọ nke nwere onye na-ebu ya nke ọma na enweghị ụzọ ụlọ ọgwụ egosipụtara..
Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị
A nwalewo melittin nanoparticles n'ime mmadụ?
Ihe ọmụmụ nje HIV-1 nanoparticle a kpọtụrụ aha bụ nke ziri ezi na anaghị ewepụta nrụpụta ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nchekwa.. Nke 2024 akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe akaebe nke mmadụ bụ ụbọchị; ọ nweghị ike n'onwe ya gosi na ọ nweghị ọmụmụ melittin mmadụ dị ka nke Ọktọba 2026. Edemede a anaghị ekwu okwu nnwale ụlọọgwụ zuru oke ugbu a.
Nwere 2013 melittin nanoparticle HIV-1 ka emegharịrị?
Ọ bụghị na isi mmalite ndị a tụlere ebe a. Ọrụ mbụ cytolytic-nanoparticle guzo dị ka otu akụkọ, na onweghi otu nkwado nke otu ihe ahụ megide nje HIV-1 pụtara na ntọala ihe akaebe a. Nke ahụ dị mkpa maka oke ibu nke nsonaazụ na-ebu: Nchọpụta nke otu ụlọ nyocha in vitro bụ mmalite maka melittin nanoparticles na nyocha HIV-1, ọ bụghị a edozi mmetụta.
Gịnị bụ selectivity index nke melittin nanoparticles?
Isi mmalite ndị a chịkọtara ebe a anaghị ewepụta ndepụta nhọrọ nhọrọ ozugbo maka ngwaahịa a chọrọ. Gbakọọ otu naanị site na njedebe mgbochi nje na cytotoxicity jikọtara nke ọma, n'ejighị n'aka na ọnọdụ nyocha kwuru.
Ndi melittin nanoparticles dị mma maka ojiji ikpu?
Azịza ziri ezi bụ na ọ nweghị onye gosipụtara na ha bụ. Melittin metụtara nanoparticle anabatara ruo 20 µM n'ụdị cell abụọ, mmụba okpukpu ise karịa melittin n'efu (PLoS ONE, 2014). Nke ahụ bụ ntụnyere cytotoxicity n'ime sel ndị mepere emepe, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'onwe ya na-akpọ maka ịnwale n'ụdị physiologically dị mkpa karị. Enweghị usoro ọgwụgwọ ugboro ugboro, mkpasu iwe mpaghara ma ọ bụ data vivo dị.
Kedu ka melittin nanoparticles si atụnyere ọgwụ mgbochi retrovirals akwadoro?
E werebeghị ha tụnyere. N'ime nchọpụta HIV-1 bụ isi, njikwa dị mma bụ CD4 soluble, ọ bụghị ọgwụ akwadoro (PubMed, 2013). Enweghị isi na isi megide ọgwụ nje retroviral ọ bụla nwere ikike pụtara na ntọala isi mmalite a, yabụ enweghị ogo ike megide ọgwụgwọ ugbu a enwere ike ị nweta data dịnụ.
Onye na-ebu peptide nwere ike ịkwado ụdị ọrụ a?
Ee, n'ime oke akọwapụtara. Onye mmekọ synthesis nwere ike itinye aka n'ichepụta na mgbanwe usoro, ịdị ọcha na akwụkwọ njirimara, sterile na obere endotoxin njikwa, na aga n'ihu site na mmepụta nnwale obere obere ruo n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ka ukwuu. Ihe onye na-ebubata ya enweghị ike ime bụ ịmepụta nrụpụta antiviral ma ọ bụ nchekwa mucosal; ajụjụ ndị ahụ bụ maka ọrụ ụlọ nyocha akọwara n'elu.
Mmechi
Nsonaazụ melittin nanoparticle dị adị, kpọmkwem, na warara. Otu urughuru perfluorocarbon nwere monolayer lipid bu melittin gaa na IC50 ụkpụrụ nke 2.4 µM na 3.6 µM megide ụdị nje HIV-1 abụọ emebere ụlọ nyocha na nyocha-cell onye nta akụkọ, na otu usoro ahụ gbanwere ụzọ cytotoxicity nke melittin okpukpu ise na ọmụmụ ihe ibe. (PubMed 22954649, 2013; PLoS ONE, 2014).
Ihe akaebe na-akwadoghị bụ nkwupụta ọ bụla karịrị nke ahụ. Enweghị ndepụta nhọrọ nhọrọ ebipụtara, ọnweghị mmụgharị nke onwe, enweghị ebufe / nchoputa nsogbu data, enweghị data plasma seminal, enweghị ICH-usoro nkwụsi ike, enweghị in vivo arụmọrụ, na ọ dịghị mmadụ ọnwụnwa. Ihe akaebe ntụgharị maka peptides antiviral nke klas a dị gịrịgịrị maka ihe kpatara ya, na nke 7 FDA kwadoro ihe karịrị 3,000 Achọpụtara peptides bụ ọdịdị nke ndekọ ahụ (PMC7168295, 2020).
Ụzọ dị mma maka onye ọ bụla na-enyocha nsonaazụ peptide na-arụ ọrụ akpụkpọ ahụ bụ ụkpụrụ ọnụ ahịa jikọtara ọnụ. Ekwela mgbe ọ bụla na-anabata ihe mgbochi nje na-enweghị ọnụ ụzọ toxicity nke onye ọbịa-membrane tụrụ n'otu nkeji n'ụdị cell dabara adaba., ma ghara ịnakwere nkwupụta nhazi na-enweghị data njirimara na-akọwapụta ngwaahịa ahụ: nha, ebubo, n'efu na peptide jikọtara ya, ntọhapụ, ịmụ nwa, na endotoxin. Tinye ule ahụ na nsonaazụ ọzọ ị gụrụ, gụnyere nke a, na mgbama in vitro na-anọkwa n'ebe kwesịrị ekwesị.
