Kedu akara Mgbasa Mgbasawanye Oregon nke Lonza maka mmepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe

Kedu akara Mgbasa Mgbasawanye Oregon nke Lonza maka mmepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe

Ego ntinye ego nke Oregon, Kọwaa nke ọma

Dabere na Mkpuchi PharmOutsourcing nke ọkwa Lonza, na Bend, Ụlọ ọrụ Oregon ga-arụnye nkeji abụọ na-ekpochapụ PSD-4 n'ọtụtụ azụmahịa, nwere ọnụ ụlọ maka mgbakwunye ikike n'ọdịnihu. A na-atụ anya mmecha gburugburu 2029. Ihe owuwu a na-ezubere maka mgbasa nke akpọsara akpọnwụ (SDD) - usoro injinia ọgwụ nke na-agbanwe BCS Klas II na obere obere obere klaasị IV ka ọ bụrụ mkpọsa siri ike nke nwere bioavailability nke ọma.. Lonza na-akọwapụta itinye ego ahụ dị ka ịgbasa oghere ikike SDD azụmaahịa na-adịgide adịgide na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Ịkpọsa-ịkpọ na PSD-4 abụghị nkà na ụzụ na-anya ụgbọelu. Ọ bụ akụrụngwa nrụpụta ngwa ahịa emebere iji kwado mmemme na nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ n'ikpeazụ yana ọkọnọ azụmahịa. Nhọrọ nke Bend, Oregon - saịtị Lonza dị na ya mezuru mgbasawanye nyocha ụdị siri ike na Q4 2022 - na-emesi ike na nke a bụ nrụpụta nke ebe ngwaahịa ọgwụ obere molekul US guzobere, ọ bụghị ike ịkwanye greenfield.

Kedu akara Mgbasa Mgbasawanye Oregon nke Lonza maka mmepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe

Maka nkọwa gbasara ihe arụpụtara akụrụngwa a iji hazie ya: ịgbasa-akpọnwụ akpọnwụ chọrọ ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ ọgwụ (API) adịlarị na oke zuru oke na ịdị ọcha iji kwado mmepe usoro na nrụpụta ụlọ ọgwụ. Ka ọ na-erule oge molekul na-abanye n'ichepụta SDD azụmahịa, o kpochapụrụ ọtụtụ afọ nke mmalite njikọ, njirimara nyocha, nhazi nhazi, na nyochaa usoro iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ Oregon na-amalite ebe nchọta na mmepe tupu ụlọọgwụ kwụsịrị.


Kedu usoro nzọ ijeri dollar na-ekpughe

Nkwupụta Oregon dabara n'ụkpụrụ na-ejikọta ọnụ na oke isi obodo Lonza na nso nso a kwesịrị ịgụ n'uju:

Kedu akara Mgbasa Mgbasawanye Oregon nke Lonza maka mmepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe

  • Vacaville, California: A $1.2 Ijeri enwetara saịtị Roche buru ibu gbasara ihe gbasara ndụ anụmanụ, sochiri CHF agbakwunyere 500 ego mgbasawanye nde, ezubere iche maka imepụta ihe ọgwụ mammalian azụmahịa - kọwara ya Ntụle Chain Value Chain DCAT (2025) dị ka Lonza na-agbasi mbọ ike ijide nnukwu ihe ndị dị ndụ chọrọ

  • Peptide Synthesis Tụgharịa, Switzerland: CHF 500 nde n'ebe a na-ejuputa ma mechaa maka ọgwụ nje; Mgbasawanye ike bioconjugation dị iche iche na-elekwasị anya n'ichepụta azụmahịa ADC

  • Portsmouth, New Hampshire: CHF 200 nde na akụrụngwa nke biomanufacturing maka obere-ruo etiti-ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọgwụ na mmalite-azụmahịa dị ndụ.

  • Bụgharịa, Oregon: Ọnụ ahịa ahịa PSD-4 ịgbasa maka imepụta ngwaahịa ọgwụ, na-emecha ~ 2029, dị ka PharmaNoW (2026) kọrọ, na-ezubere oghere ikike na-adịgide adịgide na mmepụta SDD azụmahịa

Echiche na-ejikọta ọnụ n'ofe ntinye ego ndị a bụ n'ihu n'ihu n'ahịa ahịa. Dị ka Nyocha BioPharma nke nnweta Vacaville kwuru, Atụmatụ Lonza bụ idobe onwe ya dị ka onye mmekọ na-emepụta ihe nke ndị ahịa biopharma na-anọnyere ka mmemme na-aga n'ihu site na ụlọ ọgwụ ruo na mmalite na gafere - ọ bụghị dịka onye mmekọ maka kemịkalụ nyocha nke mmalite..

Mgbama ahịa usoro a na-eziga: Ntinye ego mmepụta ihe nke sitere n'èzí na-elekwasị anya na azụ azụ nke pipeline mmepe. Mmemme kwesịrị iwulite akụrụngwa maka bụ ndị nwere ụzọ azụmaahịa doro anya. Nchọpụta mmalite na ọrụ IND na-enyere aka - nrụgharị ngwa ngwa, obere ogbe, kemistri omenala, na nkọwa nyocha miri emi - na-arụ ọrụ na oyi akwa ọrụ dị iche, nke nnukwu CDMO agbakwunyere abụghị ọkachamara na ma ọ bụ ọnụahịa asọmpi maka.

Mgbama igodo: Ntinye ego nke Lonza's Oregon na-akwado na CDMO kachasị ukwuu na-ahazi ikike ha n'ịga n'ihu na ụlọ ọgwụ na-azụmahịa.. Nke a bụ structural, ọ bụghị nwa oge - ọ na-akọwapụta ụdị ndị mmekọ na-eje ozi nke usoro pipeline.


Spectrum Biomanufacturing na-arụ ọrụ, Na-adịghị emekọ ọnụ

The kensinammuo agụ na CDMO mega-ego bụ convergence: nnukwu Player na-amịkọrọ ọtụtụ ahịa, obere ndị ọkachamara na-ejikọta ma ọ bụ pụọ. Eziokwu na-arụ ọrụ maka mmepe peptide na-aga n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Ka mmemme na-etolite na mgbagwoju anya yana mgbanwe chọrọ GLP-1 analogs, peptides stapled, na ụgwọ ọrụ ADC na-abawanye ụba, Ọdịiche teknụzụ dị n'etiti CDMO dị ukwuu na ndị mmekọ kemịkalụ nchọpụta pụrụ iche amụbaala karịa imechi..

Ụzọ bara uru iji dozie nke a bụ ọdịiche ahụ Ndepụta Peptide's CDMO taxonomy na-adọta n'etiti ọrụ nyocha-usoro (nhazi omenala, Nnwale nyocha na-abụghị GMP maka usoro mmalite) na ọrụ mmepe CMC (mmepe usoro, Nkwadebe GMP, ọnụ ọgụgụ-elu). Igwe ọrụ abụọ a chọrọ akụrụngwa dị iche iche, profaịlụ ikike nke ndị ọrụ dị iche iche, na usoro dị iche iche dị mma - ma ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-eje ozi na-arịwanye elu.

Tebụl dị n'okpuru na-ejide Kedu ka CDMO peptide pụrụ iche si dị iche na ndị nrụpụta buru ibu n'ofe akụkụ kachasị mkpa maka otu mmepe mmalite:

Akụkụ

Nnukwu CDMO jikọtara ọnụ (Ụdị Lonza)

Pụrụiche Peptide Synthesis Partner

Ogbo mmepe nke izizi

Usoro II site na azụmahịa

Nchọpụta site na IND-enyere

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ogbe

Kilogram ruo ọtụtụ narị kilogram

milligram ka gram, ya na okporo ụzọ-n'oke

Usoro synthesis

dabere na ikpo okwu (anụ mammalian, microbial, SDD)

SPSS, LPPS, ngwakọ condensation, microbial gbaa ụka

Pọtụfoliyo mgbanwe

Oke n'ime nyiwe guzosiri ike

Ọbara: 300+ otu ọrụ, omenala na-achọ

Nlereanya ntụgharị

A haziri ogologo mbara igwe

Ntugharị ngwa ngwa; izu ọ bụghị nkeji iri anọ

Nchịkọta nyocha

Nnwale ntọhapụ cGMP

Usoro mmepe nke orthogonal, profaịlụ adịghị ọcha, nkwenye nhazi

Ọkọlọtọ ịmụ nwa

Ụlọ ọcha GMP kwadoro

Klas 100 gburugburu ultra-adịghị ọcha maka ihe ọkwa ọkwa cell-assay

CTA / njikwa njikwa

Nkwado NDA/BLA CMC zuru oke

Akwụkwọ na-enyere IND; ngwugwu ogo CoA

Profaịlụ ọ bụla adịghị elu n'ụwa niile. Ha na-eje ozi oge pipeline dị iche iche, na ọnụ ahịa enweghị nkwekọrịta na-aga n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ: itinye nnukwu CDMO agbakwunyere maka nchọta ngwa ngwa na-ewebata usoro nhazi oge na ihe kacha nta chọrọ nke na-eme ngwa ngwa.; itinye aka na onye na-eweta nhazi ọkwa nyocha maka nrụpụta azụmahịa na-ewebata ihe egwu nchịkwa na-adịghị anabata. Njehie mkpebi na-emeso ahịa CDMO ka otu ọkwa.


Ọrụ Mgbochi-Chain nke dị n'okporo ụzọ Ọpụrụiche

Owuwu Lonza's Oregon ga-emecha hazie ngwaahịa ọgwụ nke njikọ API na njirimara nyocha mere ọtụtụ afọ gara aga, Ọtụtụ mgbe na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal pụrụ iche. Ịghọta nke ọma ọrụ ndị dị n'agbụ mbụ ahụ na-akọwapụta ihe akụrụngwa na-ehicha ihe na-eme ọ bụghị dochie.

Nchọpụta-ọkwa na njikọ na-enye ike IND. Isi ihe a na-enweta n'oge a bụ nkwenye, usoro peptide ejiri mara nyocha na ịdị ọcha zuru oke na ọnụọgụ maka in vitro na in vivo pharmacology.. Ngwakọta peptide omenala N'ọkwa nyocha chọrọ njikarịcha usoro SPPS maka hydrophobic, nchịkọta-adị mfe, na usoro ogologo ogologo, sochiri RP-HPLC nkwadebe, lyophilization, yana akwụkwọ CoA zuru oke. Ogbe opekempe nwere ike ịdị na-esi na 1 mg maka nyocha mbụ ka 500 mg maka ọmụmụ pharmacokinetic mmalite - ọnụọgụ ndị dara n'okpuru oke akụ na ụba maka itinye aka CDMO n'elu ikpo okwu.

Chemistry mgbanwe. Okirikiri ọgwụgwọ nke na-ebunye ego CDMO - agonists nnabata GLP-1, ADC akwụ ụgwọ, peptides stapled, macrocycles nwere ọnụ ọnụ - ha niile chọrọ kemistri mgbanwe nke na-aga nke ọma karịa usoro ahịrị ahịrị.. Nke mgbanwe peptide na ọrụ nyocha achọrọ na nchọta yana usoro ọgwụgwọ tupu a mụọ ya gụnyere:

  • Ịkpọ aha Isotope: ¹³C, ¹⁵ N, ²H, yana ntinye ¹⁸O maka ọnụọgụ bioanalysis LC-MS/MS, Ọmụmụ DKIE, yana nyocha dilution isotope kwụsiri ike. Isotopic enrichment ≥99% bụ ọkọlọtọ maka ngwa biomarker ụlọ ọgwụ.

  • Ịkpọ aha fluorescent: FITC, FAM, TAMRA, Cy3, Cy5, na nrụnye ụzọ abụọ FRET maka nyocha nnabata cell, ọmụmụ ihe na-ejikọta nnata, na confocal imaging. Ọkwa mgbakwunye ihe eji esiji esiji na arụ ọrụ menyụọ chọrọ nkwado orthogonal site na HPLC na spectrophotometry..

  • Lipidation na PEGylation: Palmitoylation, myristoylation, yana njikọ PEG akọwapụtara saịtị maka ịgbatị ọkara ndụ na GLP-1 na mmemme peptide metabolic ndị ọzọ..

  • Ịgba ígwè: Disulfide, lactam, ọzọ, na stapling chemistries maka mmachi conformational na protease kwụsie ike.

  • Pịa-chemistry aka: Azide, alkyne, DBCO, na ọrụ BCN maka bioconjugation-nhọpụta saịtị na mmepe njikọ njikọ ADC na owuwu nyocha onyonyo..

Analytical QC na njirimara. peptides mmepe mmalite chọrọ njirimara na nkwenye dị ọcha tupu ule ndu ọ bụla, ọ bụghị dị ka usoro nhazi kama dị ka mkpa sayensị. Pentide nyocha nke na-edochaghị anya ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ dị iche iche na-emepụta data ọgwụ ọgwụ na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke na-eduhie mmemme ahụ dum.. Ngwungwu nyocha na ọkwa a na-agụnyekarị: RP-HPLC ịdị ọcha quantification na 214 nm na 254 nm, ESI-MS ma ọ bụ MALDI-TOF nkwenye arọ molekụla, amino acid analysis maka usoro nkwenye, na - maka ihe a kara aka maka nyocha nke sitere na cell - nnwale endotoxin na oke USP ⟨85⟩ LAL. Cell-assay-ọkwa peptide ihe sitere na a Klas 100 gburugburu ebe obibi njikọ akpali mmasị na-adabere na njedebe nke endotoxin (na-emekarị <1 EU/mg) na usoro ihe ọmụmụ cell na in vivo pharmacology otu chọrọ. Nke a abụghị ikike dị na mberede na ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ-ngwaahịa emebere maka ọrụ mmecha.

Nkọwapụta adịghị ọcha na njikwa ihe dị iche iche nke nhazi. Microheterogeneity structural Peptide - deamidation, oxidation, ịgba ọsọ, nkwụsịtụ, na mkpokọta byproducts - na-aghọ ihe ize ndụ CMC ka mmemme na-aga n'ihu. Na-agwa ya na nyocha n'oge nchọpụta, na-eji orthogonal chromatographic ụdịdị (C18, C4, diphenyl) na maapụ nkewa ESI-MS dị elu, dị ọnụ ala karịa ịchọpụta ya n'oge nyocha nke IND.


Matrix Nhọrọ Onye Mmekọ Ọgbo-site-Oge

Mmetụta bara uru nke bifurcation nke akọwara n'elu bụ usoro mmekorita nwere oke, ebe ụdị CDMO kwesịrị ekwesị na-agbanwe ka mmemme na-aga n'ihu. Matrix dị n'okpuru na-adọta na taxonomy ọrụ a na-eji n'ofe mpaghara njikọ peptide ma kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ ntụgharị ụzọ mbụ., ọbụghị ntụzịaka nke ịzụ ahịa. Nke njirisi nhọrọ onye mmekọ karịrị ike - nka mgbanwe, omimi nyocha, teknuzu nkwurịta okwu àgwà, na ụkpụrụ akwụkwọ - kwesịrị ka enyocha ya n'ime ọkwa ọ bụla tupu itinye aka.

Ọkwa mmepe

Enwere ike ibunye nke mbụ

Ụdị Onye Mmekọ Kwesịrị Ekwesị

Ikike isi Peptides sịntetik Usoro

Nchọpụta / Pịa Identification

peptides nyocha agbanwegharịrị, ọba akwụkwọ nyocha, nyocha reagent

Ụlọ nyocha nhazi pụrụ iche (nyocha-ọkwa)

Ogologo Pọtụfoliyo mgbanwe, Ogo HPLC/MS CoA, ntughari ọsọ (2– 4 izu ọkọlọtọ)

Nbulite ndu

Batches SAR-iteration, ụkpụrụ akpọrọ isotope, nyocha nke pharmacokinetic

Ụlọ nyocha njikọ pụrụ iche nwere ike nyocha siri ike

Isotope akara nkenke, njikwa endotoxin maka nyocha sel, ≥95% ịdị ọcha na nkwenye MS zuru oke

Tupu ọgwụgwọ / IND-Na-enyere

cGMP ma ọ bụ cGMP-dị ka ogbe maka ọmụmụ toxicology, CMC akwụkwọ Mmepụta Peptide

CDMO lekwasịrị anya Peptide (ya na sistemu ogo GMP)

Ụzọ asambodo GMP, ike mmemme kwụsie ike, Nkwado akwụkwọ IND CMC

Agba I–II

GMP API batches, ọgwụ ọgwụ ọgwụ, nkwenye usoro

Peptide CDMO nwere ndekọ egwu usoro

ICH Q7 nnabata, ahụmịhe ntinye akwụkwọ nchịkwa, Nkwado nrubeisi CTA/IND

Agba nke Atọ / Azụmahịa

GMP API buru ibu, mmepụta ngwaahịa ọgwụ, Ọganihu ọkọnọ

Ngwakọta nnukwu CDMO (Lonza, Ọnụ ahịa azụmahịa Bachem)

Ikike azụmahịa, ọkọnọ redundancy, akụkọ nyocha usoro iwu

Mkpebi bụ isi abụghị ọkwa nke mmemme chọrọ n'ikpeazụ kama nke ọkwa ọ chọrọ ugbua. Ọmụmụ ihe na-enyere IND chọrọ onye mmekọ na ọkwa 3, ọ bụghị ọkwa 5. Tier na-emekọrịta ihe 5 akụrụngwa maka ọkwa 2 ọrụ na-ewebata ihe karịrị ego, nkwa kacha nta, na nhazi oge latency nke usoro iheomume nchoputa enweghị ike itinye.


Mgbagha ahụ - na ebe ọ dara mkpụmkpụ

Ntụghachi azụ kachasị ezi uche dị na nyocha a dị n'elu bụ na Lonza nwere ikike kemịkalụ obere mkpụrụ ndụ yana ọrụ nrụpụta peptide metụtara.. Saịtị Visp ya na-ejikwa ọgwụ peptide n'ime mmemme bioconjugate; obere ikpo okwu ya na-akwado mmepe API maka ọgwụ sịntetik dị mgbagwoju anya. Nke a ziri ezi ma kwesị ịnakwere ozugbo.

Ihe dị iche nke fọdụrụ, Otú ọ dị, bụ otu n'ime njikarịcha na oke. Ezubere ikpo okwu obere ụmụ irighiri nke Lonza gburugburu usoro kemịkalụ maka API guzobere na-aga n'ihu n'ichepụta GMP - nyocha ụzọ na njikarịcha maka mmemme nwere onye nwere onye ndu na atụmatụ mmepe.. Nchọpụta-phase peptide njikọ, n'ụzọ dị iche, na-achọ ụdị ọrụ arụrụ maka ntugharị ngwa ngwa: usoro omenala site na usoro omenala, nwere mgbanwe mgbanwe nke nwere ike ịgụta n'ọtụtụ iri n'ofe otu usoro ndu, na ntughari nyocha tụrụ n'ime ụbọchị karịa izu. Akụrụngwa azụmahịa nke na-eme GMP bioreactor ma ọ bụ PSD-4 spray-drier na akụ na ụba bụ otu akụrụngwa na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị irè maka kemịkalụ omenala milligram..

N'ichepụta mgbasa nke akpọnwụ akpọnwụ na-achọkwa ka e dozie nsogbu kemịkalụ API tupu nhazi amalite. Ngwakọta ahụ rutere na ngalaba PSD-4 dị na Bend, Oregon na 2030 ga-abụ synthesized, dị ọcha, ji mara, na nkwụsi ike-nke ndị otu nwere ikike ikike ya bụ ọrụ kemịkalụ elu. Otu ndị ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ Oregon abụghị ihe nnọchi - ha bụ ọnụ ụzọ n'usoro n'otu agbụ mmepe..

The structural eziokwu: nnukwu CDMO na ndị mmekọ peptide pụrụ iche anaghị asọ mpi maka otu ọrụ ahụ. Ha na-eje ozi oge pipeline dị iche iche, na Lonza's Oregon itinye ego na-akwado isi ihe site n'igosi kpọmkwem oge CDMO nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma..


Ịgụ akara ahịa nke ọma

Nkwuputa Lonza's Oregon abụghị ihe iyi egwu na-akwado ndị na-eweta peptide pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ nkwenye na ahịa biomanufacturing a na-esi n'èzí na-eto eto na ntụziaka na-enye ụgwọ ọrụ ọkachamara na nsọtụ abụọ nke pipeline..

Maka peptide R&D ndị na-eme mkpebi, ihe ọ pụtara bụ kpọmkwem:

  • Mkpebi mmalite mmalite (nchoputa site na IND-enyere) nọ n'okporo ụzọ ọkachamara - ndị mmekọ nwere kemịkalụ mgbanwe miri emi, ngwa ngwa-iteration synthesis workflows, ikike nyocha orthogonal, na mmepụta adịghị mma nke endotoxin na-achịkwa maka ihe ọkwa cell.

  • Isi mmalite nke etiti ruo n'oge (Usoro nke I site na azụmahịa) bụ na CDMO nwere akụrụngwa GMP guzobere, ahụmịhe ntinye akwụkwọ nchịkwa, na ihe na-aga n'ihu na-eweta mmemme mmemme chọrọ.

  • Mkpebi itinye aka na ọkwa ọ bụla tupu ọ dabara adaba abụghị ọnụ ahịa. Ntinye aka nke akụrụngwa CDMO nke na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka ọ daa ngwa ngwa; aka akaghi aka site na nhazi ọkwa ọkwa na GMP tupu ịdị njikere CMC ewebata ihe egwu nchịkwa.

A na-ewu ụlọ ịsa ahịhịa Lonza na Bend, Oregon ga-ahazi ngwaahịa ọgwụ malitere dị ka usoro nleba anya n'usoro ahazipụtara na nha milligram, e ji mara HPLC na ESI-MS, kwadoro site n'ọtụtụ mgbanwe mgbanwe, na ọganihu site na tupu ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọgwụ ọrụ karịrị afọ. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ agbụ mbụ na-eme n'ebe dị iche iche, n'okpuru a dị iche àgwà usoro, ya na onye mmekọ dị iche.

Njikere inyocha ma usoro gị adịla njikere maka ọkwa mmepe na-esote?

MOL Mgbanwe na-enye njikọ peptide, mgbanwe, yana njirimara nyocha site na nchọta site na ọnụọgụ na-enye ike IND, gụnyere akara isotope kwụsiri ike, fluorescent labelụ echichi, Ihe-ọkwa cell na-adịghị ọcha nwere nnwale endotoxin, ma mezue akwụkwọ HPLC/MS CoA. Kpọtụrụ ndị otu nka ka ị kparịta usoro ga-ekwe omume, nhọrọ mgbanwe, ma ọ bụ ihe nzere nyocha gị chọrọ.


Ntụaka ndị ọzọ: Lonza emechaala mgbasawanye na ọrụ ụdị siri ike (Lonza.com, Jenụwarị 2023); Lonza na-ezube ebe a na-ekpocha ahịhịa Oregon maka mmepe na nrụpụta ọgwụ (PharmOutsourcing, 2026); PharmaNoW, 2026; Ihe Lonza's $1.2B zụrụ nke osisi Roche Biologics pụtara maka Ahịa CDMO (BioPharma, 2024); Ntụle Chain Value Chain DCAT, 2025; Ọrụ Peptide CDMO site na ọkwa (Ndepụta Peptide, 2026)

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Xiaoxia Chen

Ọgwụ ọhụrụ R&D nka nka Ọkachamara isi: Nchọpụta ebumnuche, nhazi-mmekọrịta ọrụ (SAR) nyocha, peptide-ọgwụ conjugates (Ndị PDC), na mmepe nke mgbochi ịka nká na metabolic peptides.

Profaịlụ: Xiaoxia Chen eduzila nchọpụta mmalite na nyocha nke ọma maka ọtụtụ ọgwụ peptide nke metabolic na etuto ezubere iche.. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ maara nke ọma na nyocha ụlọ akwụkwọ peptide dị elu kamakwa ọ makwara nke ọma n'iji usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ na-enyere AI aka maka imewe usoro peptide de novo.. Ugbu a, ọ na-eduga otu ndị raara onwe ha nye nyocha miri emi na mmepe nke agonists multifunctional ọgbọ na-abịa (dị ka dual- ma ọ bụ peptides na-ebelata abụba ebumnobi okpukpu atọ) na anụ ahụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ukwuu-ndozi peptides.

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